What is Electricity?
Electricity is a form of energy that exists as a result of charged particles such as electrons or protons. The two types of electricity are static and current. Static electricity is electricity that gathers in one place while current electricity is electricity that moves from one place to another.
What is Electromagnetism?
Electromagnetism is the science of charge and of the fields and forces associated with charge. Two aspects of electromagnetism are electricity and magnetism. Electromagnets are used in many electric devices, including hard disk drives, speakers, motors and generators. Other examples of where we can find electromagnets are in scrap yards where they are used to pick up heavy scrap metal and MRI machines where the magnets are used to take the photos.
What is the difference between static and current electricity?
The difference between static and current electricity is that static electricity is caused by a build-up of electrical charges on the surface of objects whilst current electricity is created by the flow of electrons along a conductor. Static electricity requires a separation of positive and negative charges. When materials are in contact electrons can move from one to the other. This leaves an excess of positive charge on one material and a negative charge on the other. Current electricity is created when there is a flow of ions in a material.
Click on the components in the circuit diagram to go to their definitions
Important Components in a Circuit
Battery
The battery provides a source of electricity as it pushes electrons through the wires, which keeps the current going.
Resistor
Resistors reduce the voltage and current flow going through the circuit..png)
Capacitor
Capacitors store the energy that flows through the circuit. They can be used to store energy in a circuit and then release it to increase the voltage in a current. 
Light-Emitting Diode(LED)
Diodes only allow the current to flow in one direction through the circuit. A LED is a diode that emits light.
Transistor
Transistors are semiconductor devices used to amplify or switch electronic signals and electrical power.
Wire
Wires are what conducts the electricity and allows it to flow through the circuit.
Speaker
Speakers create sound by using electromagnetism to pump sound waves into the air.
Switch
Switches create and break the connection in an electric circuit, which starts or stops the current and turns it on or off.
Basic Components of Computers
Transistor
A transistor is a minature electronic component that can either act as an amplifier or switch. When working as an amplifyer it takes in a small electric cirrent at one end and produces a larger electric current at the other end.
Processor
The processor is the part of the computer that does the computation. Data is fetched by the processor for processing.
Main Memory
The main memory stores live data and loses it once the power source is turned off. The data and instructions are held by the main memory before they are fetched by the processor.
The Hard Disk
The hard disk stores data that is created.
Monitor
The monitor is the display screen.
Keyboard and Mouse
The keyboard and mouse are what is used to type and maneuver the cursor.
Binary Code
As can be seen in the chart above, binary code is a coding language that only consists of the two digits one and zero. These digits are used to represent either a letter, number or character in a computer or electronic device.
Why are Coding Languages Necessary?
Coding languages are formal computer languages designed to communicate instructions to a machine, such as a computer. Coding languages can be used to create programs, which control the behaviour of a machine, or to express algorithms. Without coding, we would have no means to communicate with computers or other devices, which would therefore become useless.
Popular Coding Languages
1. Java
Java code is used for coding mobile apps, video games or web applications such as Google docs. This code is also used to build small application modules for use as part of a web page. Java is the main foundation of Adroid apps, which adds to its popularity.
2. Python
Python code is considered one of the easiest coding languages to learn. It's simple syntax is one of the reasons that the code is so popular. Another reason for its rise to popularity could be due to Google recently investing a lot in Python code, as well as the fact that it is used in applications such as Pinterest and Instagram.
3. SQL
SQL (Structured Query Language) is a code that is used to communicate with a database. SQL statements are used to perform tasks such as update data on a database or retrieve data from a data base. The statements contain directive terms such as 'select', 'print' and 'find'. This language is popular as it is the standard query language meaning there aren't any other worthwile coding languages that can perform the same tasks.
4. JavaScript
While JavaScript sounds like Java, they aren't the same thing. JavaScript is a code that is compatible with all browsers and is used in over 90% of all websites. This code can be used to control web pages from the client side of the browser, server-side programs and mobile applications.
Ion Definition
An ion is a charged atom or molecule. It is charged because the number of electrons do not equal the number of protons in the atom or molecule. Whether an atom becomes positive or negative depends on whether the number of protons or electrons is greater in the atom.
A positively charged atom has more protons whereas a negatively charged atom contains more electrons.
By Jasmine Webb